Table of Contents
Chronological Table of Contents vii
Acknowledgments viii
1 Introduction 1
Sex and Gender 2
Gender History and Theory 6
Structure of the Book 11
The Origins of Patriarchy 13
2 The Family 25
Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia (4000 BCE–600 BCE) 27
The Classical Cultures of China, India, and the Mediterranean (600 BCE–500 CE) 29
Africa, the Americas, and Southeast Asia in the Premodern Era (600 BCE–1600 CE) 33
Medieval and Early Modern Europe and the Mediterranean (500 CE–1600 CE) 36
The Colonial World (1500–1900) 39
The Industrial and Postindustrial World (1800–2010) 45
3 Economic Life 55
Foraging, Horticultural, and Herding Societies (20,000 BCE–1800 CE) 56
Agricultural Societies (7000 BCE–1800 CE) 60
Slavery (7000 BCE–1900 CE) 63
Capitalism and Industrialism (1500–2000) 65
Corporations, the State, and the Service Economy (1900–2010) 72
4 Ideas, Ideals, Norms, and Laws 83
The Nature and Roles of Men and Women 86
Binaries 91
Motherhood and Fatherhood 95
Ideologies, Norms, and Laws Prescribing Gender Inequity 98
Ideologies of Egalitarianism 100
5 Religion 109
Animism, Shamanism, and Paganism (from 40,000 BCE) 110
Written Religions in the Ancient Near East (from 3000 BCE) 113
Confucianism and Taoism (from 600 BCE) 115
Hinduism and Buddhism (from 600 BCE) 117
Christianity (from 30 CE) 121
Islam (from 600 CE) 126
6 Political Life 137
Kin Groups, Tribes, and Villages (from 10,000 BCE) 139
Hereditary Aristocracies (from 3000 BCE) 141
Warfare 147
Citizenship (500 BCE–1800 CE) 151
Women’s Rights Movements (1800–2010) 155
Colonialism, Anticolonialism, and Postcolonialism (1500–2010) 158
7 Education and Culture 170
Classical and Postclassical Cultures (600 BCE–1450 CE) 174
The Renaissance (1400–1600) 178
Democracy, Modernity, and Literacy (1750–2010) 182
8 Sexuality 195
Classical Eurasia (600 BCE–600 CE) 199
The Americas (500 CE–1500 CE) 202
Third Genders 204
The Colonial World: Sex and Race (1500–1900) 206
Modern Sexuality in the West (1750–1950) 209
The Globalized World (1950–2010) 214
Afterword 224
Index 228
